Academic Strategic Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Scholarly Strategic Paper - Essay Example I likewise take handy ideas of hypothesis learnt in class genuinely with the goal that I am ready to show focal issues and their genuine application. This is a noteworthy part of my scholastic objective that would help me during change into this present reality outside the hypothetical structure of class introductions. Furthermore, I put stock in practicing significant level of relational abilities as a center part of communicating thoughts to such an extent that I might have the option to accommodate the scores in the paper with what I am ready to state before the individuals. Note that accomplishment of the featured scholarly objectives is subject to commitment of different partners. I should enroll the help of different people in my every day scholastic life to guarantee that my fantasies are accomplished. The key players in such manner would incorporate; school organization, showing staff and guardians. It is unquestionable that school organization is answerable for giving a helpful learning condition. This incorporates drafting and actualizing decides and guidelines that assist students with overseeing intra-individual and relational association with different individuals from school network. Also, arrangement of fundamental learning assets is crafted by school organization subsequently its basic stake in the learning framework. In that regard, I try to cling to class decides and guidelines so I may have the harmony and solidarity to learn continuous. My attention on better evaluations will exceptionally be supported by acceptable lead in the light of set down school rules and general moral measures that incorporate scholarly genuineness. The school personnel is a key partner that would help me through day by day association in class to accomplish my set objectives. They offer educational cost, tests and exhortation on the most proficient method to handle questions, ace ideas and set objectives. In such manner, I would put forth attempts to guarantee I am in acceptable terms with the school personnel and take part in reliable enquiry on different points I neglect to comprehend. Such ceaseless

Target Merging in Multiple Object Tracking - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Target Merging in Multiple Object Tracking. Answer: Presentation: This report is about the Goodbye Motors uncovers new Zest car this is the new marked vehicle propelled by the TATA MOTORS. In this report, there is the short conversation about the objective market and the choices for the Zest. In addition, a conversation about the elective methods of characterizing the Populace are in this report, and the inspecting Frame on the Zest likewise talk about in this record (Tata Motors uncovers Zest car, 2015). Toward the finish of this record, there is a conversation of inspecting approach. The objective market of Tata Motors reveals new Zest car is the traveler vehicle showcase. This vehicle is a great blend of keen styling, improved solace and smooth that builds the profitability of drivers (Tata.com, 2015). Hence, the organization Tata Motors says that the vehicle Zest car is built worldwide market. The another objective market of Zest vehicle is the market of little vehicles in the wake of propelling this many model organization losing their market shears, for example, Hyundai Motors, Maruti Suzuki and numerous different organizations. So this is the objective market for the vehicle Goodbye Motors Zest Sedan (Mkel and Huhtanen, 2010). The new vehicle of Tata Motors the Zest is a lot of mainstream in the worldwide market of India and between the all the individuals who like solace (Team, 2014). The new highlights of the vehicle are the purpose behind the populace, for example, new LED board, more solace, and the F-Tronic innovation. Another explanation behind the number of inhabitants in the vehicle among countless individuals in India is that it is the new vehicle of Tata Motors in four years flaunt the vehicle (Lai and Liu, 2014). Inspecting Frame of Tata Motors Zest vehicle: There are part numerous individuals in New Delhi, India, who purchase the Tata Motors Zest vehicle. A portion of those individuals resemble Mr. Kumar, Mr. Roy and Mr, Das, who are a lot of happy with the Zest Sedan. Mr. Roy said that the vehicle is loaded with new highlights which is give especially comfort at the hour of driving this vehicle, for example, scrape plate with enlightenment for front , Power Rear shade with remote and the container holder on floor support and so on (Lan, et al, 2014). As indicated by Mr. Mayank Pareek, Tata Motors, Passenger Vehicle Business Unit, President, They are charmed to report that Zest from Tata Motors, which is the Company's first spic and span item under its HORIZONEXT technique, has finished one year in the business. On this event, we might want to stretch out our appreciation to our clients for confiding in the brand. Structured and created with cutting edge highlights, Zest has changed the substance of Tata Motors and has effectively exemplified the Company's emphasis on top tier item and administration encounters. With the unique release, we commend its first commemoration with our clients and would like to see the brand advance as a champ in its group in the years to come (Horino et al., 2013). There is some suggestion for the organization Tata Motors that the organization currently need to attempt to be mainstream in everywhere throughout the world not just in India by improving their model plan and including some new advancements in the vehicles. End The new vehicle model of Tata Motors Get-up-and-go car are a lot of famous among the individuals of India. In any case, the organization need to follow the above proposal to gain more benefit from this vehicle model of Tata Motors. References Horino, H., Mori, N., Matsugi, A., Kamata, N. furthermore, Hiraoka, K. (2013). The impact of eye development on the control of arm development to an objective. Somatosensory Motor Research, 30(3), pp.153-159. Howe, P., Incledon, N. furthermore, Little, D. (2012). Returning to TARGET MERGING IN MULTIPLE OBJECT TRACKING (MOT). Diary of Vision, 12(9), pp.456-456. Lai, H. furthermore, Liu, X. (2014). The Design on Automobile Elevator Sedan Frame. AMM, 602-605, pp.151-154. Lan, S., Sheng, T. furthermore, Zhang, K. (2014). Advertising Factors of Green Economic Effect on Consumers Purchase Intention for the Market of Family-vehicle in Taiwan. RWE, 5(2). Mkel, P. furthermore, Huhtanen, P. (2010). The impact of overview inspecting outline on inclusion: the degree of and changes in liquor related mortality in Finland as an experiment. Enslavement, 105(11), pp.1935-1941. Goodbye Motors divulges Zest car, e. (2015). Goodbye Motors uncovers Zest car, Bolt hatchback, Photo Gallery. [online] NDTV.com. Accessible at: https://www.ndtv.com/photographs/news/goodbye engines uncovers pizzazz car jolt hatchback-17060 [Accessed 27 Sep. 2015]. Tata.com, (2015). Goodbye Motors divulges the all-new Zest and Bolt through @tatacompanies. [online] Available at: https://www.tata.com/organization/releasesinside/Tata-Motors-uncovers the-all-new-Zest-and-Bolt [Accessed 27 Sep. 2015]. Group, C. (2014). Goodbye Motors divulges new Zest car - CarWale News - CarWale. [online] Carwale.com. Accessible at: https://www.carwale.com/news/12242-goodbye engines uncovers new-get-up-and-go sedan.html [Accessed 27 Sep. 2015].

Heres What Your Handwriting Says About You

Here’s What Your Handwriting Says About You Graphology is a technique with the objective of studying the personality traits of people through the interpretation of various graphical aspects of writing.It is also known as the psychology of writing.By making use of graphological analysis it becomes possible to analyze written patterns which have the ability to identify the writers psychological state.A professional graphologist is able to identify the pertinent characteristics of your handwriting and the way each letter interacts.Through the analysis of signatures and the description of letters, it is possible for the trained graphologist to create a psychological report.This report would be capable of confirming the behavior of the writer in his/her intellectual and social life.As a matter of fact, a recent survey has shown that 70 to 91% of the organizations in France utilizes graphology and over 5000 companies make use of it in the United States.Furthermore, another survey showed that the United States leads other nations in using handwriting analysis to recruit employees. Source: MediumSo how is this done?Well, there are various aspects that a professional graphologist uses to bring an individuals personality to the light.Basically, these aspects are analyzed against a pre-existing module of what is considered as a normal personality trait and when they differ from the established module it is indicative of some sort of symptom in the writer.Every one of these graphical aspects reveals a particular trait of the person who wrote them and there are over 8 of these graphical aspects.Lets have a look at them:1. Layout The layout is one of the aspects of graphology used by trained experts as a template in analyzing written text on a page. The graphologist views the page as a symbolism of the environment in which the subject projects and acts out his personality.Simply put, the layout template is the totality of impressions your written text provides to the graphologist.It is concerned with the level of clarity of the idea the writer is trying to pass acros s, and also the ability of the subject to adapt to the various social norms of the environment he/she projects his/her personality in.In using the layout template, the order of the written text assists in the detection of how the writer views life in general. The graphologist is capable of studying the writers internal order through the margins of the text as well as the execution of the letters.It reveals the individuals capacity for adjustment, maladjustment or organization.The layout graphology aspect includes three sub aspects:a) Distribution This deals with the distribution or placement of lines, words, and letters (line spacing and word spacing)b) Disposition The disposition sub aspect deals with understanding the writers view of his environment based on the margins spacing, how properly spaced they are and how aligned etc.c) Proportions Through the equilibrium or consistency of the letters of the writer, the graphologist is capable of understanding the consistency of the p ersonality of the subject in relation to his/her environments acceptable norms.2. Dimensions The dimensions of a written text are related to the width and length of the letters in a particular piece of writing. This graphology aspect is an objective one due to its ability to be measured.It reveals the self-concept or self-esteem of the writer, what the individual thinks of himself, the level of extraversion or introversion as well as the level of self-confidence.Through dimensions, a graphologist can identify whether you are meticulous in character or are prone to generalization.3. Shape Shape refers to the structure or form of every one of the letters in the writing, whether angled or rounded. The shape that the letters of a text take, show the graphologist the conduct of the individual, their appearance, expansions or reservations, as well as their lifestyle and culture.Generally, it showcases the tendencies or adjustment challenges of the individual. However, this template is use d by graphologist in understanding the behavior of people based on their writings.This is because its impossible for it to be measured, and even though children learn by imitating and repeating shapes, as time passes, the shapes they copied begins to mutate into their personal shapes.4. Baseline When a graphologist takes a look at a piece of writing text, he considers the direction of the lines in the text. The baselines can be oriented downwards or upwards, in serpentines right on the line or horizontal.Incomplete lines or lines which include indentation are neglected. When studying the text, ascending lines are associated with optimistic individuals and descending lines to people with pessimistic attitudes.The direction of the line reveals the writer’s, change in mood, will power, emotional stability, humor, persistence, fatigue, ambition, and the degree of maturity, optimism, and pessimism.When a writer is under a considerable degree of fatigue the graphologist is able to ident ify it using this template.5. Speed By studying the speed of writing, the professional graphologist is able to see the ability of the subject in intellectual assimilation, the speed of mental processes, and comprehension.It reveals how fast the writer is capable of solving tasks, how easily he/she can easily adjust to new situations, his/her activity, and even temper. This will show how well the individual will fare in a professional setting or workplace.According to the speed graphological aspect, writing can be slow, hast, paused, fast and unequal with a mixture.6. Cohesion When studying an individuals personality through written text, cohesion is an important aspect. It deals with how letters are linked between themselves in a single word.They can either be disconnected, fragmented, grouped or connected. Basically, it is the connection of a word. The bond or cohesion is identified between lower-case and upper-case letters.Also, the way each letter is drawn is also analyzed, how i t is linked to another letter or if an oval is bonded with a down-stroke.However, when it comes to individual letters, their traits are a bit difficult to evaluate objectively due to certain letters being able to be executed in multiple ways like the letter t.In such cases, the graphologist has to carry out an integral evaluation using a magnifying glass or any other such equipment which aids differentiation.7. Pressure This is the strength or intensity of the graphism. It is a symbolism of the degree of the psychological energy of a writer.Pressure represents the writer’s level of faith in what he initiates or creates, and his/her confidence in the actions he/she carries out.IMPORTANCE OF GRAPHOLOGYWeve already seen the various aspects that graphologists consider in order to analyze the personality of a writer through a piece of text, but the question that lingers, is, why is graphology important?And what are its benefits?While there are numerous implementations of graphology in various fields, the medical sphere is one that has proven the importance of graphology as this science has been utilized to diagnose mental disorders.How amazed would you be to know that by studying your handwriting you could arrive at certain conclusions about your physical health?This is possible because certain medical conditions can be diagnosed or predicted using various indicators which could be present in your writing.Here are a few of these medical conditions.1. Blood Pressure Level Graphology is capable of revealing the blood pressure level of a writer.If for instance, you are writing with different degrees of pressure, shifting between light handwriting and dark handwriting, this is indicative that you are battling with hypertension.So, if you notice that your writing exhibits pressure transitioning, you may need to check your blood pressure and see if there is a relation.2. Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s disease is a debilitating medical challenge and its symptoms in clude tremors. These tremors could be revealed in your handwriting if you suffer from it.However, graphologists look out for cramped or tiny handwriting as a major indicator for Parkinson’s disease.Hence, if you notice your writing is getting smaller and smaller you may want to head over to the doctor to check for Parkinson’s disease.3. Alzheimer’s Disease In the United States alone over 5.4 people are suffering from Alzheimer’s. Source: USAlzheimerThis makes it vital to find various ways of diagnosing this disease early enough.For people who are suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, they find it very comfortable to write using a fat pen which shows in the text.Furthermore, the handwriting of the person slows down and as the disease advances, the handwriting begins to deteriorate.Also, you would notice trembling, irregular letters, and altered handwriting, in the writing of people afflicted with the disease.Asides from this, arthritis also affects your fingers or hands if you are suffering from it, and this, in turn, changes your handwriting.This is because it becomes very hard to hold a pen properly and joint pain causes you to write in an angular fashion, and this angular form of writing can easily be distinguished before arthritis is diagnosed.Graphology has proven to be beneficial to various fields but has seen tremendous importance in the medical field as it helps people with underlying symptoms of vari ous medical challenges to quickly get diagnosed and start treatment.So asides from evaluating the mental health of the writer of a given text it plays an important role in physical health as well.WHAT YOUR WRITING SAYS ABOUT YOUTo shed more light on how your handwriting can be used to determine your personality, below is what your handwriting says about you.1. Size of the Letters The first thing that stands out in a persons writing is the size of the letters. By observing the size of the letters of a persons handwriting, the personality of the writer can be determined.There are three different sizes of handwriting and size has its n different meaning.Below are the sizes:A. Small Letters Small letters fall below the midline of the paper that is used by children when they are being taught how to write. If the size of your handwriting is below the faint midline then it is small in size.Small letters may be frustrating and difficult to read.When a persons handwriting is small it is an indication that the person is shy or timid. It also means the writer is a person that is intensely focused and highly meticulous. Small letters could also mean that the writer is retreating from society.B. Average Letters Unlike small letters, average letters hit the midline. They are slightly bigger than Small letters and easier to read than small letters. Average letters are about 2.5 to 3.5 millimeters in size.Average letters mean that the person easily adjusts or adapts to conditions. It also means that the person is most likely not an extremist rather they occupy a middle ground.It also shows that the writer is balanced and can be both an extrovert and introvert. Their personality changes with the environment.C. Large Letters Large letters are usually big and they take up the entire line. It shows that the writer is an extrovert and very outgoing and has a big personality. Most celebrities have large writings.If your writing is large it means you love attention and you enjoy being the center of attention. It also indicates that the confidence you exude is just a pretense and that you desire to be something you are not.2. Slant Handwriting can slant to the left, right or not slant at all.Whether or not your handwriting slants to the left, right or doesnt slant at all, a lot can be said about your personality based on the presence or absence of slant in your handwriting.A. Left Slant if the letters in your writing slant to the left it means that you are a reserved person and that you enjoy your own company.It also means that you do not enjoy too much attention and you prefer to work behind the scenes. Right-handed people whose writing slants to the left most likely have tendencies to rebel.B. Right Slant If your writing slants to the right, it means that you are an outgoing person and you are open to new ideas, new experiences and you enjoy meeting new people. It also means that you have a keen interest in the future and you tend to be an adventurous pe rson.C. No Slant If your handwriting goes up and down without slanting to the right or left it means you are a logical person who doesnt allow his emotions to cloud his judgment. You are very rational and you love thinking things through before making any decision.3. How You Write L There are two ways people write the letter L   either with a full loop or without a loop at all.If your writing style is cursive, and there is just a little loop or no loop on your letter L” then it means that you are restricting yourself or that you are under some form of tension.On the other hand, if you naturally write in cursive and your L has a big full loop, it means you easily express yourself without difficulty, it also means you are a spontaneous person and you are relaxed.If the loop is wide and round, it is an indication that you are a good talker.4. How you write your E The way you wrote your letter E can give an insight into the type of person you are.First, if you write in cursive but y our E has a closed loop it means you are a skeptic and you do not allow your emotions to influence your decision making.Secondly, if your lowercase letter E is wide and fully looped, it means you are an open-minded and adventurous person who likes to try out new things and you can easily communicate new ideas with other people.5. How you write your I If your letter I has a wide loop, it means you are a spontaneous person. If it is retracted and narrow, it means you are not free, you are restricting yourself.In addition, the way you dot your lowercase letter i also tells a lot about your personality. If the dot is directly over the I it means that you are a very organized person and you pay attention to details.If on the other hand the dot is on the left of the letter I then it suggests that you like procrastination. If you circle the dot it means you are a visionary and have a childlike or playful attitude. If the dot is high on the page, it means that you have a very active imagina tion.In addition, the loops of the lowercase i represent your parents.The upper loop represents the maternal while the bottom loop represents the paternal if the upper loop is bigger than the lower loop it means your relationship with your maternal side is stronger than that of the paternal and vice versa.6. How you write Y The way you write your lowercase letter Y with cursive can give an idea about who you are.If the loop of your lowercase Y” is slender it means that you are picky when it comes to choosing friends.If the loop is big and broad it means that you have many friends.On the other hand, if the hook is short it means you are a homebody, but a long hook means that you have wanderlust.7. How you Cross your lowercase tWhen writing your lowercase T if it is crossed right in the middle it shows that you are a very comfortable and confident person. If the cross of the t” is long, it means that you are an enthusiastic and determined person with traces of stubborn tendencies. On the other hand, if the cross of the t” is short; it means that you are most likely a lazy person who lacks determination.If the cross is too low it means that you aim low and need to raise the bar for yourself, on the other hand, if it is crossed high up it means that you are a person who aims high and who has many goals.8. Pointed or Rounded Letters The roundness of pointedness of your letters says a lot about you. If your letters are rounded, it means you have artistic and creative abilities.Pointed letters, on the other hand, could mean that you are intelligent but have some aggression bottled inside.For example, a pointy lowercase S means that you are an intellectual who likes to study and is very ambitious, the higher the point of the S the higher the degree of ambition.Rounded S means that you can easily compromise in order to please people and to avoid confrontation.If the S is open at the bottom it could be an indication that you are not following your heart or doing wh at you enjoy.9. How you write A and O Graphologists consider A and O letters to be communication letters and can be used to determine how much you communicate.If your A and O are not completely written, it means that you are not good at keeping secrets, you are an extrovert and you are very social.A perfectly circled and nearly closed “O” on the other hand shows that you are discreet; it means you are an introvert and enjoy your company.10. Spacing Examining the gaps between words and letters can enable a graphologist to know your personality.Letters and words that are bunched together mean that the person feels isolated and dislikes being alone and desire to be around people and also have issues respecting the privacy of people around them.People who leave large gaps between the words are people that like being left alone, though value their freedom and dont enjoy being overwhelmed.CONCLUSIONAs weve already seen your handwriting says so much about you.Ranging from your psycholo gical state to your physical health, you can know so much about you simply by understanding the signs your body gives you through your written text.

The Importance Of Being A Part Of The Human Services Network

people are the primary means of accomplishing the work† (Halley et al) needed to ensure optimal delivery of services. CCI understands the importance of being a part of the human services network, forming â€Å"effective partnerships ‘up,’ ‘over,† and ‘out’ (Halley et al). Building and managing a broad array of relationships in intelligent, resourceful, and ethical ways† is good for all involved. Unfortunately, fragmented services do occur because of competition between agencies and people. While not always avoidable, this can be diminished by: †¢ Developing strategies for moving across boundaries †¢ Learn how to exchange and reciprocate †¢ Learn how to negotiate and resolve conflicts â€Å"Since the core activities of any human service organization†¦show more content†¦This cyclic process is for the betterment of all. The use of TQM (total quality management) which are a â€Å"set of tools, principles, and procedures concerned with involving everyone in an organization in controlling and continuously improving how work is done in order to meet customer expectations of quality† (Halley et al). The human service workers at CCI are known to have interpersonal competence, they support and nurture others. They are able to listen to the needs of the consumer and empathize. In addition, they are â€Å"socially sensitive and facilitate interpersonal and group processes† (Halley et al). The ability to integrate, knowledge, skills, and self-practice, in addition to knowing when a situation requires the involvement of other workers is vital to a successful agency. â€Å"The competent worker is able to play a variety of roles; understands the wide ap plicability of the problem-solving process; is not imprisoned in a specialty; is challenged by variety, and is able to apply relevant but perhaps diverse knowledge and procedures to work situations† (Halley et al). M5 FINAL PROJECT/FOCAL AGENCY 10 Those at CCI often use discussions, ongoing courses, and questions during meetings to teach and create learning experiences. Understanding the needs of theShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources : Human Resource Professionals1709 Words   |  7 PagesHuman resource professionals use several different methods to make sure that they have the best employees they can possibly have, as well as attain new ones. Human resources is a job all about the people that one works with. 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How to Do Logging in C# With Log4net

When you write computer code in C#, its a good idea to include logging code. That way, when something goes wrong, you know where to start looking. The Java world has been doing this for years. You can use log4net for this purpose. It is part of  Apache log4j  2, a popular open-source logging framework. This isnt the only .NET logging framework; there are many. However, the Apache name is trusted and the original Java logging framework has been around for more than  15 years. Why Use a Log4net Logging Framework? When an application or server crashes, you are left wondering why. Was it a hardware failure, malware, maybe a Denial of Service attack, or some odd combination of keys that manages to bypass all your code checks? You just dont know. You need to find out why a crash occurred so it can be corrected. With logging enabled, you might be able to see  why it happened. Getting Started Download the log4net  file from the Apache log4net website. Verify the integrity of the downloaded files using the PGP signature or MD5 checksums. The checksums are not as strong indicators as the PGP signature. Using Log4net Log4net supports seven levels of logging from none to all in increasing priority. These are: OFFFATALERRORWARNINFODEBUGALL The higher levels include all the lower ones. When debugging, using DEBUG  shows all, but on production, you might only be interested in FATAL. This choice can be made at the component level programmatically or in an XML Config file. Loggers and Appenders For  flexibility, log4net uses loggers, appenders, and layouts. A logger is an object that controls logging and is an implementation of the ILog interface, which specifies five boolean methods: isDebugEnabled, IsInfoEnabled, IsWarnEnabled, IsErrorEnabled and IsFatalEnabled. It also specifies the five methods—Debug, Info, Warn, Error andFatal—along with overloads and five formatted string versions. You can see the full ILog interface in the log4net online manual. Loggers are assigned one of the levels but not ALL or OFF, only the other five. Appenders control where the logging goes. It can be into a database, to an in-memory buffer, to the console, to a remote host, to a text file with rolling logs, the Windows Event Log, or even to email via SMTP. There are 22  appenders in all, and they can be combined so you have plenty of choices. Appenders are appended (hence the name) to a logger. Appenders  filter events by matching substrings, event level, range of levels and start of the logger name. Layouts Finally, there are seven layouts that can be associated with an Appender. These control how the events message is logged and can include exception text, timestamp layouts, and XML elements. Configuring With XML Although configuring can be done programmatically, it can also be done with XML Config files. Why would you prefer config files over code changes? Simple, its far easier to have a support guy make a change to a config file than have to get a programmer to change code, test and redeploy a new version. So config files are the way to go. The simplest possible path is to add  App.config your project, as shown in  the example below: ?xml version1.0 encodingutf-8 ?configuration  Ã‚  configSections  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  section namelog4net typelog4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler,Log4net/  Ã‚  /configSections  Ã‚  log4net  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  root  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  level valueDEBUG/  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  appender-ref refLogFileAppender /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  /root  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  appender nameLogFileAppender typelog4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  file value log.txt/  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  appendToFile valuetrue /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  rollingStyle valueSize /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  maxSizeRollBackups value5 /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  maximumFileSize value10MB /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  staticLogFileName valuetrue /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  layout typelog4net.Layout.PatternLayout  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  conversionPattern value%d [%t] %-5p %c %m%n /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  /layout  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  /appender  Ã‚  /log4net/configuration The log4net online documentation explains all the config file fields.   Having set up App.config, add using log4net and this line: [assembly: log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator(Watch true)] Plus the actual logger has to be fetched with a call to LogManager.GetLogger(...). The GetLogger is usually called with the typeof(class) that its used in, but this function call also fetches that: System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType This example shows both in with one commented, so you can choose.   using log4net;[assembly: log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator(Watch true)]namespace gvmake{  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  class Program  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  {  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  private static readonly ILog log LogManager.GetLogger (System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType) ;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  //private static readonly ILog log LogManager.GetLogger(typeof (Program)) ;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  static void Main(string[] args)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  {  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  log.Debug(Application Starting) ;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  }  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  }}

Li Fung Introduction Free Essays

Introduction: â€Å"Globalization†, the word everybody has heard of and which Is literally spread everywhere. Either In school, university or In the news. People are constantly discussing about this term and its consequences. We will write a custom essay sample on Li Fung Introduction or any similar topic only for you Order Now But what does globalization actually mean? There are thousands of deflations and It Is hard to find one which covers all areas of globalization. In short words Globalization considers the process of the world becoming more and more interdependent and linked concerning politics, economy, environment and technology. It is not possible anymore to see our economy as a single unit. Instead the whole world is connected and linked through cash or trading flows or commodities that are being shipped for instance from Hong Kong to the US. This process has significantly influenced multinational companies and their strategic development in order to gain more wealth and growth from an international point of view. In the following assignment I am going to analyses the internationalization strategy of Lie Fun, a Hong Kong based multinational company which targets on a unique supply- chain management system and also covers logistics. We span a range of such as toys, home furnishings, sporting goods, footwear, and health and beauty products. Our services cover all aspects of the supply chain from product design, raw material sourcing and production management to quality control, logistics, and shipping. We operate one of the world’s most extensive global networks across our trading and logistics businesses. More than 28,000 colleagues work across some 300 offices and distribution centers in more than 40 different markets. We have access to a sourcing network encompassing over 1 5,000 suppliers around the world. The Trading business provides sourcing services to retailers, brand owners and wholesalers to support their brands on both an agency (commission margin) and a principal (product margin) basis. It also offers design and products to retailers on a wholesale basis. The Logistics business is a leading player for logistics in distinct verticals across Greater China and Southeast Asia, and interacts with our trading business to provide comprehensive in-country logistics solutions and international freight forwarding services. ) How to cite Li Fung Introduction, Papers

Financial Data Bonza Handtools Ltd. Manufactures

Questions:- 1.Bonza Handtools Ltd. manufactures a popular power drill suitable for the home renovator. Financial and other data for this product for the last twelve months are as follows : Sales 20000 units Selling price $130 per unit Variable manufacturing cost $50 per unit Fixed manufacturing costs $400000 Variable selling and administrative costs $30 per unit Fixed selling and administrative costs $300000. The directors of Bonza Ltd. want to try to increase the profitability of this product and invited senior staff to suggest how this might be done. Three suggestions have been received. The accountant, Jan Rossi, believes that a price increase of $10 per unit is the best way to boost profits. She would spend an additional $125000 on national advertising and contends, that if this is done, sales volume would not drop appreciably from last year. The production manager, Tom Tune, thinks that an improved quality product could increase sales volume by 25% if accompanied by an advertising campaign costing $50000 aimed at tradespeople as well as home renovators. The improved quality would add $5 per unit to the variable cost. Mr Tune believes that the price should not be increased. The sales manager, Mary Watson, wants to undertake a promotion campaign where a $10 rebate is offered on all drills sold during the three months beginning 1 April. Normally 6000 units are sold during that period and Ms Watson believes that this could be boosted to 10000 units if an advertising campaign costing $40000 were launched late in March. You have been asked by the Bonza board to comment on each of these three proposals. Draft a report in response to this request. You are not asked to make an outright choice, but rather to analyse the potential strengths and weaknesses. The sales volumes forecast by each staff member should be treated as estimates only and your report should examine the effects of variations in actual sales from these forecasts. Give figures to support your comments and mention qualitative factors that may also be involved. 2.The Tassie Company estimates that next year it will manufacture and sell 150000 units of its product. On the basis of that level of activity, it has budgeted for the following costs and prices per unit: Direct Material Cost $2.50 Direct Labour Cost 3.00 Variable Factory Overhead 1.50 Fixed Factory Overhead 2.00 Manufacturing Cost 9.00 Variable Selling and Administrative Cost 2.00 Fixed Selling and Administrative Cost 1.50 Total Cost 12.50 20% Mark-up 2.50 Selling Price $15.00 The Company has an opportunity to bid for the supply of an additional 40000 units of its product to a government department. No sales commission (variable selling and admin. cost) is involved and no additional fixed costs will be incurred. Give a reasoned opinion on the level of the bid that should be made in each of the following two circumstances: (i) The capacity of the Tassie Company's factory is 200000 units per year. (ii) The capacity of the factory is only 180000 units per year. 3.Critically discuss the following statements: Word limit for Question 3 - 750 words a budget is a forecast of what is expected to happen in a business during the next year budgets are okay but they stifle all initiative. No manager would work for a business that applies control through budgets. any sensible person would start with the sales budget and build up the other budgets from there. a budget trying to be realistic will not motivate best performance. only adverse variances are worth investigating, because favourable variances, by definition, must be good. 4.ABC Ltd makes trailers. It receives a special order to produce 350 trailers for a local retail outlet. The order will take 2,100 kg of material that costs $16.10 per kg and will require 1,400 direct labour hours and 525 machine hours. The following are the expected/budgeted annual costs for ABC Ltd: Direct labour $327,600 Direct labour hours 25,795 Direct materials $193,200 Indirect costs $98,400 Machine hours 9,840 Required: Calculate the overhead allocation rate: note that the process is labour-intensive Calculate the total costs of the special order Calculate the cost of the special order if ABC Ltd uses machine time as the basis for allocating overheads Calculate the minimum price per trailer that ABC Ltd could accept. Explain how segmented overhead cost pools and activity based costing can assist accurate costing for pricing purpose 5.Write around 500 words explaining how segmenting the overheads can help in allocating overhead costs to individual jobs or services. You must support your discussion by real world examples and acknowledge the source of your information. Answers: Task 1 Last 12 months performance PARTICULARS AMOUNT Sales (units) 20000 Selling price per unit $ 130 Revenue $ 2600000 Variable manufacturing cost per unit $ 50 Total variable manufacturing cost $ 1000000 Fixed Manufacturing costs $ 400000 Variable selling and administrative costs per unit $ 30 Total Variable selling and administrative cost $ 600000 Fixed selling and administrative costs $ 300000 Net Profit/Income $300000 Case 1: Jan Rossi vie PARTICULARS AMOUNT Sales 20000 Selling price per unit $ 140.00 Revenue $ 2800000 Variable manufacturing cost per unit $ 50 Total Variable manufacturing costs $ 1000000 Fixed Manufacturing costs $ 400000 Variable selling and administrative costs per unit $ 30 Total variable selling and administrative costs $ 600000 Fixed selling and administrative costs $ 300000 Advertising costs $ 125000 Net Income $ 375000 It can be analyzed from the first proposal that net income of Bonza Handtools Ltd. may increase up to $375000 that can be up by 25% if selling price is increased. Moreover, increase the advertising costs, the costs burden can be increased on the company. According to Jan Rossie, the sales can increase to approx 8% from last year if selling price and advertising cost is increased. Case 2: Tom Tune view PARTICULARS AMOUNT Sales 25000 Selling price per unit $130.00 Revenue $3250000 Variable manufacturing cost per unit $55 Total Variable manufacturing costs $1375000 Fixed Manufacturing costs $400000 Variable selling and administrative costs per unit $30 Total variable selling and administrative costs $750000 Fixed selling and administrative costs $300000 Advertising costs $50000 Net Income $375000 As per the second proposal, the company can be able to increase sales by 25% if selling price is kept same at 130. However, improving the product quality can be effective in generating sales but the company may not be able to earn profit more than the proposal presented by Jan Rossie instead it will be equal to her proposal. On the other hand, increasing the variable manufacturing cost per unit and incurring advertising costs can increase net income by $75000 units. Case 3: Mary Watson view PARTICULARS AMOUNT For the period of three months Rest period Sales (units) 10000 14000 Selling price per unit $120 $130 Revenue $1200000 $1820000 Variable manufacturing cost per unit $50 $50 Total Variable manufacturing costs $500000 $700000 Fixed Manufacturing costs $ 400000 Variable selling and administrative costs per unit $30 $30 Total variable selling and administrative costs $300000 $420000 Fixed selling and administrative costs $300000 Net Income $400000 According to third proposal, the company can be able to increase net income by 33% and company can register sales for the next nine months up to $182000. Therefore, the promotional campaign can be beneficial for the company. Task 2: Sales (unit) 150000 Selling price per unit 15 Revenue 2250000 Total Cost per unit 12.50 Total cost 1875000 Profit 375000 Case 1: Additional Sales (unit) 150000 40000 Selling price per unit 15 15 Revenue 2250000 600000 Total Cost per unit 12.50 10.50 Total cost 1875000 420000 Profit $555000 Case 2: Additional Sales (unit) 150000 30000 Selling price per unit 15 15 Revenue 2250000 450000 Total Cost per unit 12.50 10.50 Total cost 1875000 315000 Profit $510000 As per the case 1, the Tassie Company can be able to increase the profit percentage by 48% whereas according to the second case, Tassie Company can only be able to generate profit by 36%. In case 1, the sales volume is higher in comparison to case 2. Task 3: 3.1: According to Park and Kim (2012), preparing a budget can be useful for the company to forecast the future requirements. The company can analyze the future cash outflows, inflows, sales, etc that can help in determining the future profit. Apart from that, Chen et al. (2012) opined that if the prepared budget does not match up with the expected value then the company may suffer loss and conflict can arise in the management. 3.2: As per Bragg and Roehl-Anderson (2011), the budgets can be effective for the managers to know the loopholes in the business and where necessary arrangements can be made. On the other hand, if the budget has a full control over the business activities that it can bind the managers to work in flexible way and managers may not be able to implement better initiative. 3.3: Clendenning et al. (2005) mentioned that preparing a sales budget can be useful in knowing the costs that might incurred during the production and distribution such as overhead costs, material costs, human costs, administrative expenses, etc. Therefore, sales budget preparation can help in knowing the profit that can be generated from sales. 3.4: The budget that focuses on being realistic can impose pressure on the manager or employees to meet the goal. Therefore, it can decrease the efficiency level of workers and take away the flexible working environment. On the other hand, the realistic budget can be effective in aligning the workers to achieve set goal in formal way (Fenrick and Getachew, 2012). 3.5: Freebairn (2012) opined that adverse variances in the performance of employees, financial statements, companys policy, etc. can affect the growth of the company. The large amount of variances in actual and expected value can directly affect the sales and profit figure. Therefore, the management can address the adverse variance so that better solution or plan can be set in order to meet future requirements. Task 4: 4.1: Overhead allocation rate Labor hour rate 12.70014 Indirect cost $98400 Labor cost $17780.19 Material Cost $33810 Other Cost $6667.571 Overhead allocation rate 5.534249 4.2: Total cost of special order Material cost for special order 33810 Labor cost 17780.19 Other Cost 6667.571 Total Cost for special order 58258 4.3: Costs of special order, employing machine time Overhead rate per hour 10 Material Cost 33810 Labor Cost 14000 Other Cost 5250 Total Cost 53060 4.4: Minimum price per trailer Total Cost 58257.76 Total unit 350 Minimum per unit cost 166.4507 4.5: Segmented overhead costs pools and ABC The segmented overhead costs pools can be effective in analyzing the total costs of overhead costs that can be related to material purchase, machine setup, packaging, testing or cleaning and maintenance. Therefore, costs pool can be helpful in identifying the cost driver that can be useful in knowing the total cost and unit cost for each driver such as purchase orders, containers, tests, etc (Horngren, Datar and Rajan, 2012). On the other hand, after analyzing the unit cost then each cost activity can be allocated to the product so that activity based costing can be assigned. Further, when the cost is determined under ABC then per unit overhead cost can be estimated that can be allocated to each product. Therefore, it can be used in knowing the unit price of each product that can help in generating better sales and income (Kumar, 2012). Task 5: Segmenting the overhead costs can be useful in determining the cost that are not normally declared while estimating overhead costs but are associated to it. The expenses and income can be allocated to each department of production that can help in knowing that which business segments are more profitable (Pereira, n.d.). On the other hand, if the firm deals in more than one product then overhead costs can be effective that can help the manger to estimate the product line profitability. Further, the accountant of the particular firm can identify the overhead that can cause changes to the product profit either in negative way or in positive way. The overhead costs can be segmented in different expense heading that can help in determining the costs for individual jobs or services (Rossing and Rohde, 2010). VARIABLE OVERHEAD INDIRECT OVERHEAD ADMINISTRATIVE OVERHEAD MANUFACTURING OVERHEAD Wages for material handling Equipment utilities and production supplies Telephone and office expenses Administrative salaries Auditing and accounting expenses Legal expenses Research and Development Office supplies Front office expenses Wages or commission Outside legal and audit fees Sales and administration utilities Administration and sales office lease Building factory rent Managers and maintenance personnel salaries Property taxes Factory utilities Janitorial staff wages The overhead costs can be explained with examples. For instance, in Melbourne Private Hospital, Australia, treatment timing is ordered through computer system by the physicians at nurses station. Further, materials and orders of treatment are requisitioned and moreover, the costs and charges are recorded systematically as per the duration of patient in hospital. The costs related to meals for patient, X-rays report, bed charges, medicine, etc are taken in account. Therefore, when the patient gets well then the hospital authority sends bills to the person containing doctor fees, medicine and other direct and indirect overhead costs. Thus, the costs are mentioned in appropriate way in subsidiary ledger containing patient medical number and episode number (University.uog.edu, 2015). Apart from that, Redmond Gary Australia Pty Ltd a manufacturer company assign the labor hours so that exact cost can be assigned to the workers in order to generate the costs that can be incurred by the company . Moreover, the labor hours and other direct costs related to workers are maintained by the lawyers and accountants (Pan, 2011). References Bragg, S. and Roehl-Anderson, J. (2011). The controller's function. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Budget impact of increasing importance for payers. (2007). PharmacoEconomics Outcomes News, NA;(538), p.2. Chen, M., Ma, Q., Guo, L., Qiu, Y., Li, Y. and Yang, W. (2012). Importance of lateral transport processes to 210Pb budget in the eastern Chukchi Sea during summer 2003. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 81-84, pp.53-62. Clendenning, L., Martin, J. and McKenzie, G. (2005). Secrets for managing materials budget allocations: A brief guide for collection managers. Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services, 29(1), pp.99-108. Fenrick, S. and Getachew, L. (2012). Cost and reliability comparisons of underground and overhead power lines. Utilities Policy, 20(1), pp.31-37. Freebairn, J. (2012). Mining booms and government budgets*. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 56(2), pp.201-221. Horngren, C., Datar, S. and Rajan, M. (2012). Cost accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Hu, Y. (2012). Peer-to-peer support for large scale interactive applications. [Riverside, Calif.]: University of California, Riverside. Kumar, R. (2012). Communication reliability in network on chip designs. [College Station, Tex.: Texas AM University. Pan, R. (2011). Determination Method of Overhead Cost Allocation Coefficient Based on Rough Set and Case Based Reasoning. JME, 47(07), p.157. Park, S. and Kim, M. (2012). The Impact of Attribute Importance in the Effects of Option Framing on Choice: Budget Range and Justification as Moderators of Loss Aversion. Psychology Marketing, 29(10), pp.726-737. Pereira, S. (n.d.). Optimal Overhead Cost Allocation in an Agency Model with Moral Hazard and Private Information. SSRN Journal. Rossing, C. and Rohde, C. (2010). Overhead cost allocation changes in a transfer pricing tax compliant multinational enterprise. Management Accounting Research, 21(3), pp.199-216. University.uog.edu, (2015). Understanding, Allocating, and Controlling Overhead Costs. [online] Available at: https://university.uog.edu/cals/people/pubs/mgt/f217.pdf [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015].

Psychological trauma free essay sample

Your essay should include an introduction, body, and conclusion, and should use information from both the article (citing your source correctly) and your own insight and experience. . Be sure to take a clear stand and discuss it appropriately. 4. Support your opinions by using the article and your own ideas to strengthen your main points. 5. When you are finished, look over your essay and correct any errors before you turn it in. 6. You will have a total of 50 minutes to complete your essay.Essay Question: A trigger, in the context of academia, is any course material that initiates (or triggers) a stressful reaction in students who have sun. ivied a traumatic situation. Oberlin College recently instituted a trigger-varying policy for heir faculty, which advised professors to [u]understand triggers, avoid unnecessary triggers, and provide trigger warnings. Should GUCCI implement a similar trigger-warning policy to protect students from potentially upsetting course material? Why or why not?Article: Trigger Unhappy April 14, 2014 By Colleen Flattery Trigger* warnings, which have begun to appear on college and university syllabuses, are supposed to signal to readers that forthcoming material may be uncomfortable or upsetting. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological trauma or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Trigger warned-subject matter in literature, films or other texts usually relates to sexual assault and other kinds of lenience, racism, and the like, and advocates say students have a right to know Of sensitive material in advance. But some critics of trigger warnings say that higher education is rooted in confronting uncomfortable ideas and experiences. And more practically, critics say, its nearly impossible in classes with students with differing sensibilities to define what deserves a trigger warning. Given the lack of consensus on trigger warnings in the classroom, it was perhaps unsurprising that the extensive trigger warning policy Oberlin College published in its Sexual Offense Resource Guide proved controversial earlier this academic ear. Faculty members criticized the policy from within, saying it had been drafted largely without their input, even though they stood on the front lines of such a policy.

La Belle Dame sans Merci and The Eve of St Agnes Essay Example

La Belle Dame sans Merci and The Eve of St Agnes Essay Example La Belle Dame sans Merci and The Eve of St Agnes Paper La Belle Dame sans Merci and The Eve of St Agnes Paper Essay Topic: Fanny Hill Literature The poet John Keats, inspired by the sentimental nature of his unrequited love for Fanny and the depression he felt due to the death of his mother and his brother, wrote both ballads using the key theme of time, to engage the listener. The use of tenses links succinctly in with Keats use of time. The change of tenses throughout La Belle Dame, whereby the first three verses are set in the present tense, no birds sing, verses four to eleven are set in the past, I met a lady and verse twelve is again set in the present, no birds sing. The effect of this as well as the first and last verse including, Alone and palely loitering, is to create a circular chronological structure. This represents a question asked and answered within the poem and a feeling of entrapment within a cycle of death and love (key themes featuring in Keats poetry, and contextually in his life). Moreover, the lack of future tense suggests to the listener that there is to be no future and hence no hope adding to the melancholy mood produced by Keats. Conversely, Keats uses a linear chronology in the past tense throughout The Eve of St Agnes, How changed, in order to construct an ordered narrative. This separates the feel of both poems, distinguishing one (Eve of St Agnes) as more story-like than the symbolic other (La Belle Dame). This also infers to the listener that Keats use of time was a deliberate endeavour within his poetry and not simply the standard arrangement of poetic literature of the time. The use of seasons and the weather conditions in La Belle Dame create the ambiance and atmosphere of the poem. As the squirrels granary is full dictating that the harvests done and that the agricultural labouring and gathering of the summer growth is complete, this implies the beginning of autumn, leading on to winter, cold hills side, and the cold, desolation of the surroundings that is associated with it. This use of pathetic fallacy warns the listener for what is to come later in the poem, adding to the sense of intrigue and mystery. However, whilst he is with her, summer is inferred via the use of sensual floral references, garland for her head (touch), fragrant zone (smell), suggesting the warmth and intimacy of his feelings for her. This atmospheric separation between the seasons intensifies the loneliness and suffering of the knight after his meeting with her, alone and palely loitering. The Eve of St Agnes also uses a wintry setting, bitter chill, trembling [ frozen grass, frosted breath, yet this is used to conjure the symbolism of God and Madelines familys disapproval of their courtship. This creates the impression of a higher power perhaps scrutinising Porphyro and Madelines doings; Porphyros inner thoughts, fears and paranoia. Similarly, Keats use of the Moon represents the urgency of Porphyros passion, particularly as the moon is commonly associated with its lunar calendar, in which he has to capture Madeline before his opportunity is lost, Ive mickle time to grieve, an expression of his determination. Both poems create a medieval scene, La Belle Dame; knight-at-arms, pale warriors, faerys child, pacing steed, Eve of St Agnes; lofty plume (reference to a knights helmet), witchs sieve, liege-lord, Elves and Fays, wolves and bears, Merlin, Dame, maiden, queens and kings, mermaid, Beadsman, via a plague of fairy tale characters, having the effect of setting up both poems for an atmosphere of a differing time period to that in which Keats wrote the poems. This creates a historical parallel between the world Keats imagined within the medieval Romeo and Juliet-esque time period and his own affairs and thoughts of Fanny. In addition to this, the use of archaic language such as, La Belle Dame; steed, woebegone and Eve of St Agnes; thy, thee, Quoth, help create the practicality and realism within these imaginary characters and historical scenarios. Unlike the more untouched setting of La Belle Dame, the sedge has withered from the lake, Castle imagery is extensively used in The Eve of St Agnes; arched way, dusky gallery, chamber, balustrade, citadel, carved angels, level chambers, portraying the scene within the listeners minds eye. In addition, The Eve of St Agnes is written in Spenserian stanzas, adding to the medieval feel of the poem (Spenser invented the term Spenserian stanza to be used within his epic, medieval poem, The Faerie Queen). The use of an irregular rhyme scheme in The Eve of St Agnes- Iambic pentameter except for last line which is iambic hexameter suggests an ongoing narrative throughout as well as displaying the infrequency of the pagan Eve of St Agnes feast (whereby virgins may see their future husbands). Also, syndetic listing is included within the caesura, and sleep, and dream creating a rhythm comparable to that of a heart beat, in order to show how Porphyros fear creates a slow motion of time and an increased physical and sexual awareness, as he prepares to witness Madeline. La Belle Dame involves a similar rhyme scheme iambic tetrameter except for the last line of each stanza that are of varying length this variation of length represents the abrupt change in the relationship/ knights life, as the listener, lulled into a security within the regularity, is subconsciously disturbed by a change in rhyme in verse nine. Overall, the use of time in both poems aids the in-depth view into Keats life and emotional workings. Ultimately, it is his use of archaisms that create the setting, yet it is his use of tenses, seasons, rhythm and rhyme scheme that imply the subtleties of The Eve of St Agnes and La Belle Dame sans Merci.

Shinto and Oral Religions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Shinto and Oral Religions - Essay Example Kojiki is one of the Japanese literatures that had successfully compiled the Japanese mythology and traditional Ancient of Japan including the Shinto Rituals. (Chamberlain, p. i) On the other hand, Nihongi or Nihon Shoki is one of the oldest classical books that tackled the Japanese history (Aston, p. xv). Similar to Kojiki, Nihon Shoki has a series of compiled myths and oral tradition that occurred back in the 8th century (ibid). Oral religion, based on the word ‘oral’, means that a religious practice of a particular religion has been passed on from one culture to another or from one generation to the next generation verbally. Aside from the Kojiki – the records of ancient matters and the Nihongi or Nihon Shoki – the chronicles of Japan which was written back in AD 712 and AD 720 respectively (Chamberlain, p. I; Sakamoto, p. 31), Shinto can be considered as an oral religion due to the fact that there are no other concrete scripture that can be used as a basis of such religion. Shinto is different from oral traditions because the practice of Shinto takes place in four different ways which including: (1) the Shine Shinto which means worship at a public or private shrine; (2) Folk Shinto which includes divination, shamanic healing, abstinence and other forms of purification customs; (3) Sect Shinto which includes the act of participating in one of the thirteen groups of the 19th century; and (4) the State Shinto which includes the act of participating in festivals as a way of honoring the Japanese emperors (Mosher, pp. 168 – 169). Even though there is a strong similarity between Shinto and oral religion, it remains a fact that Shinto can never be considered as an oral tradition due to the fact that the practice of Shrine Shinto, Folk Shinto, Sect Shinto, and State Shinto is being passed on from one generation to another generation based on the actual

Why people hate HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why people hate HR - Essay Example In this paper, I will provide a critical and argumentative analysis of this article to try and understand the author’s viewpoint. As such, his reasons for hating human resource activities within organizations will be explained in an argumentative manner, choosing to either validate or invalidate them with reasons. First, the author argues that the human resource departments in almost all organizations seek to hire individuals with passive independent thinking ability. Such people cannot stand for what they believe in and work towards ensuring they work for their values and beliefs, instead seeking to acts as puppets of the organization. It is for this reason that business scholars believe that top students from top colleges chose other fields as opposed to human resource management (Boudreau & Ramstad 245). They view the field as less challenging, less demanding and often a times the mouthpiece of the organization. Such a position is reflected in other different scholarly articles in which professionals argue that human resource departments are mouthpiece of the executives and top management in an organization. They formulate, implement, evaluate and policies and their powers while being under the strict direction of the executive (McLean 26). Human resource fields do not seek to raise the status of employees and thus improve their lives. They instead seek to bring in very bright and able managers to the organization but with the primary aim of making, they raise the standard of the organization. For human resource executives, it is what is best for the organization that is implemented and executed. The decision to train a certain group of individuals within an organization may not be guided by the aim to improve their skills but to bring in the knowledge that the organizations seeks in order to either gain technical or business knowledge. I agree with Hammonds (3) in his assertion that human resource management department plays no role in the

Evidence Between Offending And Social Class

Evidence Between Offending And Social Class This essay will outline and critically evaluate the main evidence supporting an association between offending, victimisation and social class, using criminological theories such as Strain Theory and Labelling theory to demonstrate this. Social class in relation to offending and victimisation is an extremely broad area, taking this and the words limit into account this essay will specifically focus on offending and Victimisation of the lower classes in society. Class was originally defined by Karl Marx in relation to the means of production where he described two main classes the bourgeoisie the owning class and the proletariat the workers who were exploited by capitalism (Giddens, 2001). His theory has been heavily scrutinised and class is now seen as more flexible than Marx first interoperated taking into account; income, wealth and status and in addition to this culture and patterns of consumption (Giddens, 2001). In contemporary society class is based on a complex model where defined by occupation however this leads to the victimisation of the lower classes and low income families especially in respect of stereotypes regarding criminality (Croall, 1998). The stereotype of the Dangerous class arose in Victorian times as a reaction to the crime rates. The lower classes were depicted by the middle and upper classes as idle and lazy, would rather live off the proceeds of crime than do a hard days labour (Elmsley, 1996). This stereotype lives on to present day with the common belief that the lower classes the underclass are the main offenders in relation to criminal behaviour (Croall, 1998). The underclass has been defined by Giddens (2001) as a group at the bottom of society, who suffers from severe inequalities in health, education and lives off the welfare system which results in difficulties conforming to the economic, social and political norms of society which are predominantly middle class. Murray ((1990) cited in Walklate (2003)) suggests that members of the underclass are not only defined by their behaviour and unemployment status but also their involvement in crime and their illegitimacy. Durkheims theory of anomie suggests that the lack of opportunity that the underclass has consequently resulting in criminality and deviance (Marsh, Melville, Morgan, Norris, Walkington, 2006). This theory of Anomie was taken further by Merton (1910-2003) who suggested that people from more deprived areas had less change of achieving social, economic and personal growth (Marsh et al, 2006). Their opportunity is obstructed by the area they live, poverty, literacy, cultural background and which puts a strain on their ability to achieve economic status and wealth (Marsh et al, 2006). This form of Anomie theorised by Merton is Called Strain Theory which accounts for the inability for people from deprived areas to achieve their goals of status and wealth by legal means (Newburn, 2007). This therefore suggests a reason for the shift to criminality and also gives reason for the high numbers of offenders from this class (Giddens, 2001). This can also be explained by the by David Gordon a political economist who believes crime in capitalist society represents perfectly rational responses to the structure of institutions upon which capitalist societies are based meaning that due to the strain in striving for greatness and wealth people from lower classes gain their wealth through unconventional means (Reiner, 2004). Offending occurs in all social classes however, the majority of convictions occur from the lower classes of society in involving crimes such as robbery, theft, burglary and joyriding. White collar crime on the other hand is generally seen by society as crime of the middle and upper classes this may be due to accessibility the middle/upper classes have to commit fraud or exploitation of health and safety laws and with a very low conviction rate this reflecting in the crime statistics (Croall, 1998). This gives an unfair representation of crime and victimises the lower classes in society (Croall, 1998). The majority of convicted offenders are to from lower class background committing crimes of robbery, theft, burglary and crimes against property (Muncie McLaughlin, 2001) The British Crime Survey (2008/09 [online]) suggests that fifty percent of crime recorded by the police was robbery, theft, burglary, and crimes against property compared with three percent of fraud and forgery. Marsh et al (2006) suggests that Merton and Cohen see crime as a reaction to inequality and there is a common cause for such behaviours such as social influence by family, friends, peers and social background (Newburn, 2007:486). This is reflected in the offences that these prisoners have been charges with such as theft and burglary (Muncie et al, 2001). Eighty percent of offenders are male under twenty one, in prison there is an overwhelming majority of these offenders from lower classes and ethnic minorities who have been raised in deprived areas of society (Muncie et al, 2001). These statistics reflect the willingness of the government to criminalise these offenders, disregarding the deprivation and inequality that has lead to their criminality (Muncie et al, 2001). Mertons Strain theory suggests that there is a strain on the ability to achieve wealth through conventional educational means, therefore there is a need to partake in criminality to gain this wealth and status and through the participation in crime there is an increased probability in the use of drugs (Muncie et al, 2001). This was studied further by Dunlap et al ((2002) cited in Newburn 2007:486) where he investigated the lives of four generations of women from low income backgrounds, who had been sexually assaulted, violent attacked and taken drugs over their life time learning these behaviours as social norms this consequently lead to the next generation having the same fate. Victimisation occurs across the whole of society however, according to Felson Boba (2010) it is predictable and is grouped together in areas especially those of deprivation. According to the Criminal Victimisation by Family Income Study (2000) the poorest families in America were subject to three times more crime than the richest (Reiman, 2004). There are specific groups in society who are more prone to victimisation the British Crime survey (2008/09 [online]) suggest that such as; young people especially males aged 16-24 have a thirteen percent chance of being a victim of crime; unemployed have a seven percent chance, single also have a seven percent chance, ethnic minorities have a seven percent chance and people who have already been a victim of crime are more likely to fall victim again (Maguire, Morgan Reiner, 2002). In addition to this the poor are more likely to be victims of unfair working conditions according to Tombs (1999) cited in Croall (2001:74)) Safety is related to vulnerability and these groups are elderly, poor and young, miss sale of financial products due to lack of education, the adverse affects of white collar crimes such as the dumping of harmful waste in third world countries (Croall, 2001). Howard Becker (Cited in Giddens, 2001) suggests that Labelling theory can account for the victimisation of specific subcultures Anthony Platt (1969 cited in Lilly, Cullen Ball, 2007) suggests that labelling theory is biased and is aimed at helping the poorer classes attain middle class values. Croall (1998) proposes that the police play a part in the victimisation of the lower classes as they are more likely to suspect someone from a lower class background of offending due to the area in which they reside. The theory of labelling as self-fulfilling prophecy suggests that victimisation can occur of the lower classes due to society labelling them as delinquent (Lilly et al, 2007). This can happen if they are seen to associate with someone who is criminal or dresses in a way that can be perceived as delinquent this subsequent labelling could enforce conformity however, it could also push the person from social norms into criminality (Lilly et al, 2007). In conclusion this essay has outlined offending in relation to Mertons Strain Theory suggesting that there is a strain on the lower classes to achieve wealth through conventional educational means, therefore there is a need to partake in criminality (Muncie et al, 2001). Felson Boba (2010) said crime is predictable and is grouped together in areas especially those of deprivation the British Crime survey (2008/09 [online]) suggest that such as; young people especially males aged 16-24; unemployed, single, ethnic minorities and people who have already been a victim of crime are more likely to fall victim again (Maguire, Morgan Reiner, 2002). The theory of labelling as self-fulfilling prophecy suggests that victimisation can occur in the lower classes due to society labelling them as delinquent, this subsequent labelling in some cases can enforce conformity, however, it can also push the person from social norms into criminality (Lilly et al, 2007). Society appears to criminalise thes e offenders, disregarding the deprivation and inequality which has lead to the offending in the first place this consequently leads to the victimisation and labelling of the lower classes (Muncie et al, 2001).

A Comparison of Classic and Contemporary Philosophers Essay -- essays

A Comparison of Classic And Contemporary Philosophers Why is it so important that young children in our society receive a good education? The answer to that question is very simple; because they are our future. The old saying â€Å"the youth of today are the leaders off tomorrow† holds more truth than many people realize. By giving children a good start at an early age we are only helping ourselves as well as the children. A good example of this is can be seen in our society. By the time a teacher in our society retires from his or her position their students will have made it out into the real world and taken jobs. This new generation will be the ones to make the decisions about laws such as Social Security, and Medicaid. The students will be able to turn these programs around and make them more beneficial to their recipients. These teachers who are now retired will be the ones who are collecting Social Security and reaping the benefits of the children’s solid education. The idea of educating the youth is not even close t o a new idea. Philosophers such as Jean Jacques Rousseau in the seventeen hundreds and even farther back than that to the time of Plato in three hundred eighty six B.C. and after. Both of these great men shared similar ideas on how children should be taught so that they can get the most out of their education. Though educational philosophy dates back thousands of years, there are still many great thinkers who are revolutionizing teaching with their philosophies today. In the later part of the twentieth century there was also Paulo Friere who is considered by some to be the greatest thinker of his time and also Maxine Greene who has also greatly changed education in today’s society. Thanks to these great minds along with many others, modern day education was revolutionized. Many of the teaching techniques and ideals that are practiced in the classroom today originated from these philosophers. These four philosophers though from two very different time periods had some very sim ilar ideas about education. Jean Jacques Rousseau said that children are born innocent and pure, and become contaminated by the world, as they grow older. â€Å"Everything is good as it comes from the hands of the Maker of the world but degenerates once it gets into the hands of man†. (Cahn 163) This quote shows that Rousseau saw the world as an imperfect place that corrupted ... ...that they had a firm grasp on what it takes to give children a proper education, and to prepare them for the real world. The approaches that they proposed would give students more of a drive or desire to learn. In toady’s society school is just a hassle that kids have to put up with. I think that if children were taught in the way that Plato, Rousseau, Friere, and Walzer said they should be, our society would be very different. One other thing that I found interesting about these philosophers is the fact that they all had very similar philosophies about education even though one live around 300 B.C. and another in the seventeen hundreds while the other two in the later part of the twentieth century. I guess that no matter the time period, its like they always say; â€Å"great minds think alike.† Works Cited Cahn, Steven M. Classic And Contemporary Readings In The Philosophy of Education. Apr 20, 2002. McGraw Hill Co. 1997. â€Å"Educational Philosophy†. http://home.pacbell.net/altsch/Philosophy.html. Aug 11, 1999. HotBot.com. Accessed Apr 20,2002. â€Å"Plato†. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Plato.html . Jan 1999. Google.com. Accessed Apr 20,2002.

Relationship Between Social Class and Crime

Assess the relationship between social class and crime Some sociological theories of crime are based, in part, on official statistics provided by the police, the courts, and various government departments. Such statistics provide evidence of the extent of crime and information about the social characteristics of the criminal. A misrepresentation of this data, that crime is largely a working class phenomenon, may be due to the selective application of the law, according to W. J. Chambliss and M. Mankoff in â€Å"Whose Law† What Order? (1976). There is increasing evidence to suggest that there is a systematic bias in favour of the ruling class. In general, if an individual has committed a criminal act, then the higher he or she is in the stratification system the less likely he is to be arrested, if arrested to be prosecuted, if prosecuted to be found guilty, and if found guilty to be imprisoned. If this is so, then the assumption that crime is largely a working class phenomenon may be incorrect – so is there really any relationship between social class and crime. CHAMBLISS' THEORY Chambliss argues that crime occurs throughout all social strata. The major differences between the strata may be the types of crimes committed and the nature of law enforcement. He claims that power in the form of ‘money to influence' is the key factor which determines who gets arrested and who does not. In one of his works Chambliss pointed out that those who operate organised crime are not members of the true ‘criminal class', they belong to the economic and political elite! Also, it is not only the small minority of active syndicate members within the ruling class who profit from crime interests will not be penalised; those that do will not be subject to legal sanctions. Marxists, such as Chambliss and Mankoff, see crime as a natural product of capitalist society. Both argue that the capital economic system generates greed, self-interest and hostility which motivates many crimes in all levels of society. Members of all strata use whatever means and opportunities their class position provides to commit crime. Thus, in low income areas the mugger, the pusher, and the prostitute use what they have to get what they can. In higher income brackets, businessmen, lawyers and politicians have more effective means at their disposal. SPECIFIC CRIMES, SPECIFIC CLASSES? In a competitive society people need to look after themselves in order to survive. D. Gordon in ‘Class and the Economics of Crime' (1976) argues that crime is a rational phenomenon. He also stated that the selective enforcement of the law serves to maintain ruling class power, to reinforce ruling class ideology, it gives the impression that criminals are mainly located in the working class. This serves to divert attention from ruling class crime. It can also direct a part of the frustration and hostility produced by this situation onto the criminals within their own class. Additionally, it diverts the attention of members of the subject class from their exploitation and oppression. It directs a part of the frustration and hostility produced by this situation onto the criminals within their own class. It also serves to divide the subject class, particularly in low-income areas, where there is a tendency for people to see their enemies as criminals within the their own class. Study of crime may show that sympathies tend to lie with the criminals. For the Marxists, their political views result in condemnation of ruling class crime and a sympathetic treatment of the crimes of the subject class. A. W. Gouldner in ‘The Coming, Crisis in Western Sociology' (1971) claims that interactionists have a romantic identification with the more exotic criminals. This identification by largely middle class sociologists (claims Gouldner) with the ‘underworld' colours their choice of research subjects, their perspectives and their conclusion. Accordingly, functionalists, for example R. K. Merton ‘Social Theory and Social Structure' (1968) have been accused of bland liberalism. Merton's work is based on criticisms and reforms rather than condemnation and radical change. This may well have prevented him from questioning the system itself. As Taylor suggested in ‘Deviance and Society' (1971) questions like â€Å"who made the rules in the first place? † are important.

Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Roots, Effects, and Prevention

Ivette Molina 1/7/08 AP Psychology Essay Test â€Å"Alcoholism and Drug Abuse: Roots, Effects, and Prevention.† Alcoholism and drug abuse has existed for as long as we can remember. For teenagers its something cool to do and numb whatever pains they have. For adults it’s a way to get away from everyday stress and avoid conflicts in life. To everyone it’s a way to feel free and as if they are in charge of the world by altering their moods, and ironically a way to actually feel good about themselves by absurdly doing something that makes them look like unpleasant people. Knowing is essential. Getting to the deep roots of a problem is key. Being aware of how it is caused can save†¦show more content†¦Psychological effects include insomnia and restlessness, development of panic disorders and phobias, as well as becoming obsessively-compulsive concerning alcohol and other drugs. Social effects include becoming isolated, loss of family and friends, job and school, carelessness about appearance and anything else that they once cared about. The key method to preventing any mor e people from turning to such means of managing their lives is by education, behavior modification, and helping those who are prone to addiction because of genetics. One good way is to display all the it can take away from you, educate people of the effects, of what our life can become because of it. Also, we can modify our children’s, students, and peers behaviors by helping them realize that what they are doing is wrong. Put boundaries to our children’s actions, punish them for their wrongdoings, especially if involves drugs and alcohol, schools putting strict limitations of alcohol in dorms, and actually putting strict reinforcement in clubs and stores to make it less easy for teenagers to have access to drinks and drugs. 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